主谓倒装
在以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子里,主谓倒装。如果主语是人称代词,则主谓顺序不变。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

There she comes. 她来了。

否定副词或词组位于句首,句子的主谓倒装。这类词主要有seldom, never, rarely, hardly, scarcely, little, nor, not until等。

Not until this morning did I finish the composition. 直到今天早上我才完成作文。

强调状语时,往往将副词up, down, in, out, off, away, back等移至句首,句子采用完全倒装语序。

Up went the plane. 那架飞机飞了起来。

辨清结构,以下是顺口溜

1位置副词2there句型,

3为了保持句平衡,

4neither, nor, so也如此,

上述全部倒装行。

部分倒装要记清,

5位置副词主人称,

6only7否定词放句首,

8让步9虚拟10有感情

1位置副词:表示位置关系的副词如here, out, away, up等开头的句型

Out rushed the soldiers.

2there开头的固定倒装句型

There goes the bell.

3为保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语时,一般用全部倒装

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

4so倒装和不倒装意义不同。
5当表示位置关系的副词开头的句子主语是人称代词时,用部分倒装。

Here you are.

6only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句用于句首时。

Only in this way can you learn from the mistakes.

7表示否定意义的副词、连接词如no, not, hardly用于句首时,用部分倒装结构。

Not a single mistake did he make.

8让步状语从句用部分倒装。

Proud as these nobles are they dare not see me.

9虚拟条件句一般部分倒装。

Did I have a knife I would have lent it to you.

10感叹句部分倒装。

What good news it is!

 

牢记引词,即记住哪些常用副词、连词常能引起倒装结构:9N, 2S和only,还有little, hardly

9N: no, not, never, neither, nor, not until…, not only…but also…, no sooner…than…, no matter…

2S: so, seldom

注意位置
注意在复合句或并列句中,要在何处倒装

only, NU主倒装,

NB前句也一样,

NM前后不用管,

NN前后全倒装。

 

only+状语从句和not until+状语从句位于句首时,只有主句倒装,从句不倒装。

Only when he told me did I know it.

not only…but also引导并列句,当not only位于句首时,前一分句倒装。

Not only did he come, but also he was very happy.

No matter+状语从句,主句从句中的主谓均不倒装。

No matter how busy he is, he always comes to help us.

Neither…nor引导并列句。若两词均位于分句句首,前后两句谓语动词均倒装。此时若谓语动词中有助动词或情态动词,就将这个助动词或情态动词提至主语前构成倒装。

Neither do I know her name nor does he.

Neither could theory do without practice nor could practice do without theory. 理论不能脱离实践,实践也不能脱离理论。

so…that结构中表示程度副词so前移至句首达到强调目的时,句中主谓倒装。

So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.

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