1. game, gave (have [æ], vase [ɑː]), nation (national, natural [æ])
2. 在aste, able, ange中作开音节对待： waste, table

1. lab (quarrel [‘kwɔrəl]因有[w]音，它常影响[æ]音成为[ɔ],如wander, wash, watch)；

2. 下列词的重读音节中，虽不大像闭音节，a还是念[æ]：camera, value, salary, manage, habit, imagine, dragon, rapid, reality, companion, character, Italian；

3. marry [‘mæri]两个r前元音发闭音。

shan’t (少数[æ]: franc, ant, grand, plan; [e]: any, many), fast

path, father

all, ball, tall（[ɔːl]: also, always, almost, salt）

词首多数[ɔːl]，词中[ɔː]，salt例外。

laid, remain （[ei]: say, saying; [e]: says, said; [ɛə]: mayor）

‘birthday, ‘holiday, ‘Wednesday, ‘portrait, ‘mountain, ‘certain, ‘curtain

August ([ɑː]:aunt, laugh), straw, draw, jaw, caught (gh不发音)

[ɑː]: artist, article, farther, harvest, charge, footmark
[ɔː]: war, warm, quarter (这几个音节前都有[w]音）
[ɛə]: Mary, area
[ə](轻音节中): par’ticular, ‘grammar, ‘sugar, ‘dollar, ‘regular

[ɛə]: share, square, rare ([ɑː]: are)

a在轻音节中有清晰、模糊两种

[ei]: ‘marketplace, ‘birdcage, ‘calculate, ‘hesitate, ‘hibernate, ‘irrigate
[æ]: ‘homeland, ‘grassland, ‘landmass, ‘motherland, man’kind, ‘kidnap, ‘telegram
[ɑː]: ‘broadcast
[ɔː]: al’ready

[ə]: China, Christmas (比较landmass), human, gentleman (比较mankind), England, island, Switzerland (比较homeland, grassland), woman, German
[i]: village, savage, manage, message, package, fortunate, affectionately (比较calculate, hypernate)