主谓一致
1.不定式短语、动词-ing形式和名词、表示时间金钱的名词作主语，事件、国名、机构名称、书籍及其他作品的名称作主语时，谓语用单数。
To become doctors is their ambition.
2.以下不定代词或限定词作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。
every和each（后面的名词为单数），each of/one of（后面的名词必须为复数），many a（后面的名词为单数），a great/good many（后面的名词为复数），everyone, everybody, either of, neither等
Is either of the singers reading now?
Every silver knife, fork and spoon has to be counted.
A great many books have been written on the subject.
3.下列不定代词作主语时，谓语用复数
Both of them have won prizes.
Few of my family really understand me.
Many were surprised at the final score.
Several of the regular members were absent.
4.一些表示数量的短语用作主语
Has any of this evidence been presented?
Have any of my friends called me?
Most of the book was interesting.
Most of the books were interesting.
Some of the book is good.
Some of the books are good.
以上例句中主语的数取决于介词of后名词的数。用法相同的还有half of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, rest of等。
None of the evidence points to his guilt.
None of our students were involved.在非正式文体中，此句的谓语可用单数was。若要表达单数概念，最好将主语改为no one或not one。
The number of students in the class is fifteen.
the number of表示“……的数量是……”。
a number of表示有一些，类似于some，后面的名词用复数，谓语也用复数。
5.由and或both……and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。
Your problem and mine are similar.
但当复合主语作为整体考虑，或意义上指同一个人、同一事物时，谓语用单数。
His friend and fellow author was cool to the idea of collaborating on a new cookbook.
单数名词前有两个并列的形容词修饰时，取决于这两个形容词是否可以同时描述这个名词，比如我们说this old and ugly man这个又老又丑的男人，那么谓语就用单数。
Social and political freedom are limted there. (=Social freedom and political freedom……）
由or, neither……nor，either……or连接两个单数主语时，谓语用单数。
Either Tom or Maria is sure to know the answer.
当or, either……or, neither……nor, not only……but also连接一个单数主语和一个复数主语时，根据毗邻一致原则，谓语取决于最接近它的主语的数。
注意下列例句中的主语与谓语的毗邻一致。
Doesn’t he or I deserve it?
Don’t you or he deserve it?
两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，若都被each/every/any/no修饰谓语用单数。
6.在there/here引导的结构中，主语如果不止一个，谓语可以和最邻近的取得一致，即“毗邻一致”。下列介词及词组引起的短语常用在主语之后而不影响主语的数：
accompanied by, along with, as much/well as, but, except, in addition to, including, instead of, like, more than, no less than, not to mention, rather than, together with等
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper in the drawer.
7.其他情况
7.1 表示金钱、时间、距离、体积、数字等名词词组作主语表示总量时，其谓语用单数。
Eight hours of sleep is enough.
若主语表示具体的个别的单位，谓语用复数。
There are two silver dollars in each of the stockings.
7.2 一些以-ces或-s结尾的名词作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
Physics has fascinated my roommate for months.
常见的这类名词还有economics, electronics, mathematics, mealses（麻疹）,civics（公民学）,mumps（流行性腮腺炎）。
有些以-ics结尾的名词，如ethics, politics, statitics等用来表示“学科领域”时，谓语用单数；表示“活动”或“个别具体”事实时，谓语用复数。
Statistics is a field of study.
The statistics in that report are not accurate.
7.3 试比较
Chinese is a difficult language.
The Chinese are kind and friendly. (the Chinese = the Chinese people)
Frech, English, Japanese等用法同。
7.4 “The + adj./-ed分词”作主语时，谓语用复数。
The young are full of vigor.
1.This type of bicycles sells well.
2.The New York Times is a popular newspaper.
3.The Olympic Games are held every four years.
4.Six and seven is/are thirteen.六加七等于十三。
5.July and August are the hottest months in the year.
6.A needle and thread was bought by Kate.针线是凯特买的。
a needle and thread作为一个整体，再如a knife and fork一副刀叉，bread and butter黄油面包等
7.I, who am your friend, will help you.我，作为你的朋友，会帮你的。
定语从句中，谓语的数、人称与先行词一致。
8.How much are the eggs?
9.What I want is/are some books.
10.The good is sure to defeat the bad.
the+adj.表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
11.The team is made up of twelve players.表示整个队，谓语动词用单数。
The team are having a bath now.表示队员个体，用复数。
12.Thousands of dollars are gone into building the house.强调数量用复数。
13.We have finished half of the work. The rest is to be finished in five days.
We have eaten one third of the apples. The rest are to be eaten in five days.
some/all/the rest/the remainder作主语，其单复数视其所代替的名词的单复数而定。
14.His politics are different from yours.
Politics is taught in almost every school in China.
politics意为“政见、政治活动”时看作复数；表示学科“政治”时看作单数。
15.The “two cities” in the novel refers to Paris and London.
The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国比美国的人口多。
population是不可数名词，指的是人口这一整体概念。在特定的语境中，也可看做可数名词
80% of the population in that country are farmers. 那个国家80%的人口是农民。
Each student and each teacher is going to plant trees this afternoon.
此句虽然有and连接两个可数名词，但由于有each修饰，所以仍用单数形式的谓语。类似的有no boy and no girl, every boy and every girl, many a teacher and many a student
Our family have been to the Great Wall. 我们全家都去过长城。
英语中，数的概念在不同的语境中是不同的。class, team, crowd, audience, crew, committee，当强调其整体时是单数，强调其成员时用复数。
表示时间、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Sixty kilograms is his weight. 他体重六十公斤。
Five thousand dollars is used to build a new house. 五千美元被用来建造一栋新房。
dollar是可数名词，但当它被看作一笔款项时，即使是复数形式也作单数对待。
More than one man was killed in the accident. 那次事故死亡不止一人。
此句主语是one man, more than是修饰语，类似于形容词，所以用单数。
Fish and beef is what he likes best. 鱼和牛肉是他的最爱。
Her gratitude and devotion to the Party is boundless. 她对党无限感激无限忠诚。
成对的名词表达一个整体概念视作单数。
The teacher and musician is going to give us a lecture. 那位老师和音乐家要给我们做演讲。
主语看起来似乎是两个人，实际上是一个人两种身份，即既是老师又是音乐家。若要表示两个人，则应分别用定冠词来限制
The teacher and the headmaster have gone to Xiaoshan. 老师和校长都已经去萧山了。
A boy and girl are standing there. 一个男孩和一个女孩站在那里。
句子主语的两个名词具有对立意思时，主语前面只用一个冠词也不会使人发生误会，因为boy和girl不可能指同一个人。
The following are some problems to be solved by the government. 下面是由政府来解决的一些问题。
following作名词用时既可看作单数也可看作复数。主谓一致要根据句子的语境及其含义而定。本例中the following的含义是some problems，故应为复数概念用are。
主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, but, as well as, except, no less than, more than等引导的短语，谓语动词用单数
He as well as I is fond of collecting stamps. 他和我一样，也喜欢集邮。
Nobody but Mr. Wang and Miss Li was in the office. 除了王先生和李小姐，没有其他人在办公室。
none作主语时，若表示不可数的东西看作单数，表示可数时，多看作复数。
None of this milk is sour. 这牛奶没有酸的。
people (人们), police, cattle, militia等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
当句子的两个主语由or, nor, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接时，要毗邻一致（跟后面的主语的数）。
Is he or you going to the meeting? 是他去开会，还是你去？
Smoking does you no good. 抽烟对你没有好处。
动名词和不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Many a student is interested in English. 许多学生对英语感兴趣。
many a在意义上作“许多”解，但后面只能跟单数可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数。
