1. 表示地点:在周围、各处、附近。如:
We took the foreign guests about the campus.我们领外宾在校园里各处看看。
There is a crowd of people about him.一群人围着他。
I dropped the key somewhere about here.我的钥匙丢在这儿附近了。
2. 表示时间:大约、在某点前后。
We left there about six o’clock.我们大约在六点左右离开那里的。
About when will the dinner be ready?晚饭大概什么时候准备好?
3. 关于…,有关…(即某方面,由某点引申而来的观念)
What do you know about Malta?关于马耳他,你知道些什么?
What’s he so happy about?他为什么这么高兴?
1. 在……上方,超过……(不垂直在上)
Jason’s work is well above the average.杰森的功课大大超过一般水平。
A bird is flying above the woods.一只鸟在树林上飞。
The portrait is above the blackboard.黑板上方有一幅肖像。
2. 引申的意义(超越,因太困难、不好而……)
The problem is above me.这个问题太难了,我不会。
He is above doing such things.他不至于做这样的事情。
1. 横越……
The boy helped the old lady across the street.那男孩帮助老妇人横过街道。
2. 在对面
The church is across the river.教堂在河的对面。
3. 经过……
The revolution developed across the whole century.这场革命整整经历了一百年。
1. 在……之后
Please line up one after another.请一个挨一个排好队。
2. 仿照、按照(引申的意义)
Please make sentences after the model.请仿照例句造句。
3. 追求(引申的意义)
Who is he after?他追求谁?
1. 靠……,碰……
He rested his bike against the wall.他把自行车靠在墙上。
2. 反对、禁止(引申的意义)
Are you for it or against it?你是赞成还是反对?
3. 违背(引申的意义)
I’ll do what you order me but it’s against my own will.我会照你的命令做,但这是违背我的意志的。
4. 防备、准备(引申的意义)
We must get prepared against war.我们必须备战。
顺着,沿着……
Pass along the car please.上车请往里走。
1. 在其中
Don’t be afraid; you’re among friends.别害怕,你在朋友中间。
2. 在其间
Divide it among you three.你们三个人把它分了。
1. 选择某一时间、地点、价钱、速度、年龄
The book is sold at two dollars.这本书卖两块钱。
Please enter at the front door.请从前门走。
The car runs at a speed of 50 miles an hour.汽车以每小时五十英里的速度前进。
2. 处于某种状态(引申义)
The two countries are at war.两国正在交战。
3. 说明引起某种情绪的原因
We are surprised at your success.我们对你的成功感到非常惊奇。
4. 朝……,向……(某一目标,但不一定能达到)
He threw a stone at the dog.他把一块石头向那只狗砸去。
5. 在……号召、召集、请求下(引申义)
He wrote the letter at our request.他在我们的请求下写了信。
在时间或地点之前,在……前面
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
1. 在……之后
Never say anything behind a person’s back that you wouldn’t say to his face.你不愿当一个人的面说他的话,也不要背后说。
2. 迟于,晚于(引申义)
The train is behind time.火车晚点了。
3. 劣于、不如(引申义)
He is behind other pupils in English.他的英语不如其他学生的。
1. 在……之下
The temperature today is below freezing point.今天的温度在冰点以下。
2. 低于……(引申义)
She is below you in class.她在班里的程度不如你。
1. 在……旁边
He sat beside me at dinner.他吃饭时坐我旁边。
2. 相比(引申义)
My work is poor beside yours.我的工作比起你的太不行了。
3. 离开
That is beside the question.那是离题了。
He was beside himself with anger.他因发怒而失去理智。
除了……还有
There were many others at the meeting besides Mr. Li.会上除了李先生,还有很多其他人。
1. 在……那边
They came from beyond the seas.他们从海外来。
2. 超越(引申义)
Good advice is beyond price.有益的劝告是无价之宝。
除了……
He eats nothing but fruit.他除了水果什么都不吃。
Mr. Brown lives in the next door but one to me.布朗先生住在我隔壁的隔壁。
I haven’t told anybody but you.除了你,我谁也没说。
1. 在……旁
Come and sit by me.坐到我身边来。
2. 通过某种方式、手段
The sawing is done by machine.锯木的工作由机器完成。
She earns her living by selling matches.她靠卖火柴为生。
She angered her father by refusing to continue her studies.她由于拒绝学习而使她父亲生气。
3. 表示程度、尺寸、数量、时间
He is paid by the hour.他拿时薪。
He won the race by about two yards.他以大约两码的距离领先而赢得了比赛。
Sugar is sold by the pound.糖按磅出售。
4. 到……时候,不迟于
By the end of last year, they had learned 2000 words.到去年底,他们已学会了2000个单词。
5. 路过……,沿着……
She passed by me without saying anything.她从我身边经过,一句话没说。
They went by the hill road.他们沿着山路走。
1. 往下
The boy fell down the stairs and broke his arm.男孩从楼梯上掉下来,摔断了胳膊。
2. 往南,往市中心
They went down town together that afternoon.那天下午他们一起进城。
在……期间
We gave you a lot of trouble during our stay here.在我们逗留期间给你添了不少麻烦。
除去……
We have lessons every day except Sunday.除了周日我们每天都有课。
Every one was present except me.除了我,每个人都出席了。
1. 替……,为……,对于……,供……
He is the man for the job.他是做这事的适当人选。
I wrote a letter for him.我替他写了封信。
2. 赞成、支持(引申义)
Who says for a picnic?谁赞成出去野餐?
The decision was for a strike.决议赞成罢工。
3. 限定于……,供……用的(引申义)
Here is a letter for you.这里有你一封信。
4. 就……而言
He is big for his age.就他这个年龄来说,他算块头大的。
5. 表示目的,向……,去……
Let’s go out for dinner.我们出去吃饭吧。
6. 作为
I took him for an honest man.我把他当作一个诚实的人。
Most of the houses are now for offices.大多数房子都当作办公室用了。
7. 因为
She couldn’t speak for tears.她哭得说不出话。
1. 自……,从……
It is a letter from my father.这是我父亲写来的信。
2. 离……
Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见心不想。
3. 表示原因、来源
He is suffering from a cold.他患感冒了。
1. 在……范围和空间内
She carried a bag in her hand.她手里拿着一个提包。
2. 在某种状态、境遇下,穿着某种衣服
She is in white.她穿着白衣服。
She is in her early twenties.她刚刚二十出头。
3. 过多少时间,在……时间内
He became a teacher in 1998.他在1998年成为了一名教师。
I will come back in a week.我一星期后回来。
4. 在……方面
I’m weak in Chinese.我的汉语不佳。
Did you have any difficulty in doing it?做这件事你碰到什么困难了吗?
5. 以某种形式,用某种语言,在……范围
Say it in English.用英语说。
Let’s arrange the chairs in ten rows.让我们把椅子排成十行。
I’ll take you there in my car.我用我的车带你去。
1. 由某地或某时进入另一地、另一时(to说明由一点到另一点,in说明进到)
He fell into the river.他落入河中。
2. 进入某种状态,成为
The glass broke into pieces.杯子破成碎片。
像……
Your pen is just like mine.你的笔和我的很像。
近,在近旁
Jason is sitting near the window.杰森靠窗坐着。
The post office is near our school.邮局靠近我们学校。
of的原始概念是“由于”“来自”“构成”,译为汉语如下:
1. 属于……的,关于……的
They’re fine sons and daughters of the Chinese people.他们是中华民族的优秀儿女。
There is a map of Malta on the wall.墙上有一幅马耳他地图。
I have heard of him.我听说过他。
2. 表示同位关系
Xiao Li is a fool of man.小李是个傻里傻气的人。
3. 对……的(表示动作的对象,动宾关系)
It’s just a waste of time.那完全是浪费时间。
the criticism of the “gang of four”对“四人帮”的批判
4. 剥夺,除去(原始概念为离开)
We must get rid of feudalism.我们必须消灭封建主义。
He was robbed of his purse.他被抢走了钱包。
1. 离开,脱离
Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。
The cover has come off the book.书皮从书上脱落了。
2. 在……之外
The island is off the coast.岛在海岸外(不远处)。
He lives in a lane off the main road.他住在大路旁的要给胡同里。
1. 表示接触(不一定在上面),为……所支持
The fly is on the ceiling.苍蝇在天花板上。
He put the book on the table.他把书放在桌上。
There were water colors on the wall.墙上有水彩画。
2. 在某天,某天的早晨、晚上等,在……时
He will be back on the morning of June 29.他六月二十九日早上回来。
3. (原始概念是“接触”)引申的意义是“在进行中”
The house is on fire.房子着火了。
He came to Shaoxing on business.他来绍兴出差。
4. 关于,论及
What about your idea on the subject?关于这个问题你有什么看法?
I congratulate you on your success.祝贺你的成功。
1. 在……之上(不接触,一定垂直在上。若不垂直在上则用over)
The sky is over our heads.(这里也可用above)我们头顶蓝天。
2. 越过,过……
There’s a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
3. 扩大范围的地点或事情(引申义)
English is spoken all over the world.全世界都有人说英语。
4. 为……,(自上而下的)对……
She often has a headache over English grammar.她常委英语语法而头疼。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
1. 从……旁过去
He walked past the door.他从门边走过。
2. (时间、年龄等)超越,超过
He is a boy past twelve.他是个十二岁多的孩子。
3. 超越……限度(引申义)
He is past cure.他已病入膏肓。
The situation is past (=beyond) hope.局势已不可挽回。
1. 围绕(round一般表示动态,around一般表示静态)
We sat around the fire.我们围火堆而坐。
The earth travels round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
2. 在……范围内的各处
We showed the visitors around the school.我们领参观者在校内各处转转。
I spent the afternoon going round the factory.我花了一个下午在厂里参观。
1. 从……一端穿过它端
The river flows through the town from west to east.这条河从西到东流过城市。
2. 用某种工具,通过某种方式,由于某种原因
He learned Chinese through TV.他通过电视学汉语。
We lost ourselves through not knowing the way.因为不认识路,我们迷路了。
3. 通过,经过,看穿(引申义)
I see through this rascal.我看透了这个流氓。
1. 表示动作的方向(由一点到另一点)
Talk to him about it.跟他谈这件事。
2. 表示动作的目的(引申义)
Let’s drink to his success.让我们举杯祝贺他成功。
3. 到某一时间、程度
It’s now five to six.现在是六点差五分(五点五十五分)。
We’ll fight to the end.我们将战斗到底。
4. 朝,位于
The house looks to the south.房子坐北朝南。
1. 朝……
We were walking towards the village when we met him.我们在往村子走的时候遇到了他。
2. 对于……
Is she friendly towards me?她是以友好的态度对待我吗?
3. 接近
It was somewhere towards one o’clock when he came back.他回来的时候快一点了。
1. 在……下面,在……之下(垂直在下)
It’s raining; come under my umbrella.下雨了,到我的伞下来吧。
2. 在……领导下,在……统治下
England was under Charls II then.英国那时候在查理二世的统治下。
3. 低于,少于
Children under ten years of age are admitted at half price.十岁以下的儿童入场收半票。
4. 处在……状态中(引申义)
The railway is under construction.铁路正在修建中。
1. 向上
He ran quickly up the stairs.他迅速跑上楼梯。
We travelled up the Rhine last summer.去年夏天,我们溯莱茵河而上旅行。
2. 在……上头
Something is wrong with a bridge up the line.铁路线上头的一座桥出了问题。
They live just up the street.他们就住在这条街头上。
1. 和,同……
Can you come and stay with us for a time?你能来和我们住一段时间吗?
2. 对……
We are pleased with the house.我们对这所房子很满意。
3. 被,用……
The ground was covered with snow.大地被积雪覆盖着。
kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕
4. 有,附带有
I saw an old man with white hair.我看到一位白发老人。
I bought a book with a lot of pictures in it.我买了一本书,里面有很多图片。
5. 尽管
With all her wealth, she is unhappy.尽管她富有,但是不幸福。
6. 因为,由于……
He jumped with joy.他高兴得跳起来。
在……之内
I shall be back within an hour.我在一小时之内回来。
不带,没有……
She left without saying goodbye.她不辞而别。