accept: (主观上)接受: I accepted the invitation. (准备去)
receive: (客观上)收到: I received an invitation. (去不去还没定，只是收到了请柬)
go to bed: 就寝，上床睡觉这一动作
go to sleep: 入睡这一动作
be asleep: 睡着，睡熟这种状态
We go to bed at nine in the evening. 我们晚上九点上床睡觉。
The Arab had just gone to sleep (阿拉伯人刚睡着) when his camel put his head inside the tent.
asleep是表语形容词，表示“睡着”，强调结果，不可用very修饰但可用much或fast修饰。有时作定语，必须放在所修饰词之后，即后置定语。
He is fast asleep. 他睡得很香。
The boy asleep is my brother. 睡着的男孩是我弟弟。
sleepy既可作表语，也可作前置定语。作表语，意思是“困倦的，想睡的”，作定语，意思是“贪睡”。
You look sleepy. You’d better go to bed.
A: My father allowed me to go there. 我父亲允许让我去那里。
B: My father promised me to go there. 我父亲答应我他会去那里。
A句中allow接复合宾语，me为宾语，to go there为宾补，me是不定式的逻辑主语。B句中，promise接双宾语，me为间接宾语，to go there为直接宾语。
A: Our plane is to leave at ten. 我们的飞机十点起飞。
B: Our plan is to leave at ten. 我们的计划是十点离开。
A句中be to leave相当于will leave，是一种将来时态，表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。B句中be to leave是系表结构，不定式作表语，着重说明主语的内容。
区分方法是，用不定式作表语，不定式和主语互换位置，句子仍成立。B句可改为：
To leave at ten is our plan.
A句则不能。
一般来说表示两者之间的关系时用前者，表示两个以上之间关系时用后者。它们不能做主语，一般只能做动词或介词的宾语。所有格是each other’s或one another’s，但实际运用没有什么区别。
not only强调的重点在后边部分，而as well as强调重点在前半部分
He is not only a musician but also a painter.
He is a painter as well as a musician.
他不仅是位音乐家，而且也是位画家。
as soon as引导时间状语从句，强调主句与从句两个动作同时发生，No sooner…than引导比较状语从句，主句动作稍早于从句动作，强调几乎同时。hardly…when与No sooner…than同义，但后者只能用于句首。
As soon as the bell rang, the students quieted down. 铃声一响，学生们就安静下来了。
No sooner had the bell rang than the students quieted down. 铃声刚响过，学生们就安静下来了。
can’t help后接动名词，can’t but后接不定式，而这个不定式的to常被省略。
I can’t help laughing./I can’t but laugh. 我不禁哈哈大笑起来。
what about侧重询问具体内容，how about侧重询问事情的状态、程度
What about having a game of volleyball? 来场排球赛怎么样？
How about playing volleyball? 去打排球如何？
after和behind与时间概念的词连用，after表示某时间之后，behind表示误期；与地点位置的词连用，after表示次序，behind表示在某一静物后面
The train is often behind time in winter. 冬天火车常常误点。
some, certain都作“某一、某种”解释。some一般用于名词的单数前，some前不加a，而certain在修饰名词的单数时，前面一般加a。
no longer不再，可当作一个副词，放在行为动词前，也可拆成not...any longer，any longer放在句末。no more不再，可以当作一个形容词，放在名词前，可拆成not any more放在名词前。
do with处理，对付。疑问句中用what提问；
deal with处理，对付。疑问句中用how提问。
某物通常派某用途时用use…for，作暂时或权宜用途时用use…as
Gravel is much used for road-making. 砾石常用来筑路。
Sometimes I use newspaper as kindling. 我有时用报纸点火。 （作为点火物之用）
compare…to表示“把……比作……”，用来说明两物有类似或相似之处，从而把一物比作另一物。
People like to compare the new moon to a sickle. 人们喜欢把新月比作镰刀。
compare…with表示“拿……与……相比”，侧重两者的区别，即“把A物与B物相比较”从而发现他们的异同之处。
Compare this book with that one and you’ll see which is better. 把这本书和那本书比较一下，你就会知道哪本书好。
good for中good=beneficial，表示“对……有益”，for后接人物或疾病，主语可以是人或物。
good to中good=kind，表示“对……和善友好”，to后一般接人或其他有生命的东西
It is good for you. 这对你有益。
She is good to me. 她对我很好。
be going to着重表达意图打算、下一步的行动，be about to着重表达正要去干什么，一般应有对比的动作，be to do强调按计划要发生的事情，含有should do（应该做）的意思。
What are you going to be when you are grown up? 你长大准备干什么？
I was about to go shopping when he came to my house that day. 那天他上我家来时，我正要上街买东西去。
The entrance exam is to be held in July every year. 升学考试每年在七月份举行。（注：后来时间改到了六月）
on与beneath表示接触表面的上和下概念
over与under表示不接触表面的正上方与正下方
above与below泛指高于或低于
about有到处之意，意义比较含糊，around表示围着某中心，指静止的位置，round同样表示围着某中心，指环绕某物运动。
They stood around the table. 他们站在桌子的周围。
The earth moves round the sun. 地球围着太阳运转。
They stood about the room. 他们站在房间的四周。
beside表示挨着某物的旁边，by表示在某物的一侧，near表示在某物的附近，有一个不远的距离，at表示在某物旁的那点位置上
The guard stood straight by the gate. 卫兵笔挺地站立在大门旁。
He was born in a village near Hangzhou. 他出生在杭州附近的一个村子里。
They are sitting at the table. 他们坐在桌子旁。
appear表示“看来”，指外表给人某种印象，但结果不一定如此
look看上去好像，指由视觉所得的印象
seem似乎，指有一定根据的判断，并且接近事实
feed…to中feed是及物动词，其后直接跟饲料或食物的名词作宾语，to是介词，其后一般跟动物或小孩名词表示对象，意思是“把……喂给……吃”
feed… with/on中的feed也是及物动词，但其后应接人或动物名词作宾语，on后接食物或饲料名词，表示“用……给……吃”
The child was feeding a banana to the monkey. 那小孩在用香蕉喂猴子。
What do you feed your dogs on? 你用什么喂狗？
We didn’t need to hurry. 我们没有赶快的必要，所以我们并没有急。
We needn’t have hurried. 我们没有赶快的必要，而我们却急忙地赶快做了。
on one’s own靠自己
of one’s own自己的
the last…to do最后一个，最不太可能的
the last…that由原意“最后去做”变成绝不去做
don’t take notice of没注意到
take no notice of不理睬
specially专门 (for one purpose and no other)
especially特别地，尤其 (to an exceptional degree)
as much同样地，同量地
much as和……几乎一样，虽然很……
I think as much. 我也那么想。
That T-shirt is much as mine. 那件T恤几乎和我的一样。
in和during都可用来表示一段时间。但during更强调时间的延续性。若与表示状态或经常性动作的动词连用，一般用during，否则用in:
They suffered a lot during the war. 在战争期间他们受了很多罪。
He was killed in the war. 他在战争中丧身。
表示事态延续一段时间的名词前，一般用during，如during his stay in Nanjing, during the meal。
insist on后接名词，表示“强调，力言”，stick to后接名词，表示坚持自己的思想、主张、主义，忠诚于党派、朋友或恒心于工作，强调不改变。
She insisted on her honesty.
He stuck to his own opinion.
insist on后接动名词，表示说话人“坚持主张做某事”或“一定要某人做某事”，这时不可用stick to
We insisted on having his chest X-rayed.
一般来说，can/could表示总的习惯性的“能力”，be able to表示特定的某一“能力”，而且动作实际发生了。
He could swim when he was a child.
He was able to swim across the lake.
very可修饰adj.和adv.，但不能直接修饰动词。修饰动词要用much或very much。very可用来修饰动词-ing形式，much修饰-ed分词，但形容词化了的-ed分词可用very修饰，尤其是这些形容词作表语时，如tired, pleased, delighted, satisfied, excited, frightened, disappointed, worried, limited, interested等。very修饰原级形容词，much或very much修饰比较级形容词。这两个词都可以修饰最高级，但注意定冠词的位置。某些通常做表语的形容词如afraid, alone, alike一般用much或very much修饰。
I am very fond of music.
I don't like it much.
I was much surprised at the news.
This news is very surprising.
He looks very tired.
What he said is very important.
This is much better than that.
This is the very best of all the transistors.
fairly常和“褒义”词连用，rather常和“贬义”词连用。不定冠词可以放在rather之前之后，但只能放在fairly之前。rather用在比较级前，意为a little或slightly。rather有时也和某些表示褒义的词good, well, pretty, clever等连用，意为very
hardly常和can连用，表示“几乎不能”。
I can hardly see the mark. (i.e. the mark is difficult to see or it is dark or I have bad sight)
I have hardly any money. (i.e. very little money)
I hardly ever go out. (i.e. very seldom go out)
barely=no more than
He had barely enough to eat. (i.e. he was often hungry)
He was barely sixteen. (i.e. only just sixteen, no older than)
I can barely see it. (i.e. I can only just see it)
scarcely=only just/not quite
There were barely (not more than) a hundred people there.
There were scarcely (probably less than) a hundred people there.
This is dead (completely) certain.
He was deadly (extremely) tired.
The plane flew high above. (表示位置）
This book is highly interesting. (表示程度，常修饰来自动词的形容词如skilled, enjoyable, pleased等）
He arrived late. (early的反义词）
I haven't seen him lately. (=recently)
in front of在……的前面
in the front of在……的前半部分
the front前面，前线
in front (adv.) 在前面
ought to表示说话人认为“应该”做什么，指出正确的行为动作；must表示说话人要求或命令；have to表示外界的要求或压力。
Tom, you ought to obey Mr. Smith.汤姆，你应该服从史密斯先生。（这是你的责任）
You must obey Mr. Smith.你必须服从史密斯先生。（说话人的意向）
You have to obey Mr. Smith.你得服从史密斯先生。（史密斯要求你服从他）
